《魏故城阳宣王(拓跋忠)墓志》考

Northern Wei Epitaph of King Xuan of Chengyang

本文据《魏书》、《北史》的相关史料及以往在大同城东出土的北魏常山王家族成员墓志,对新见北魏《城阳宣王墓志》"讳忠字仙德"之墓主人的拓跋宗室姓氏、在朝官爵声望及其祖辈的历史功绩作了较为详尽的考释。于志文可资证史者,如其祖其父的官爵、墓主本人的履历和结衔、"养疾于高柳"、"薨于外第"后皇帝的格外眷顾等,逐条加以考述。于志文可资补史者,如拓跋忠的卒岁享年及以此推知的生年卒地,拓跋忠妻司马妙玉的出身及拓跋宗室与南来司马氏的联姻,25年后司马氏北归代都平城祔葬的特例及其夫重葬的情况,拓跋忠"白登阳阿"葬地的确切位置以及此地时属京畿永固县的珍贵史料等,尤其予以关注。本文还将《拓跋忠墓志》的形制及书法与同期诸多墓志进行比对,指出:志作碑形志石为平城特有,而其书风则属于魏碑北邙体中以方笔为主的一类,既未脱尽北魏早期即平城时期铭刻书的遗风,又初具魏楷铭刻体的基本特征,堪称魏碑书迹的上乘之作。

Based on records in the Book of Wei and History oJ：Northern Dynasties and the epitaph of family member of the Northern Wei dynasty Changshan King unearthed east of Datong, Shanxi province, the author studies the surname （Tuoba）, title and family background of the owner of a Northern Wei epitaph dedicated to King Xuan of Chengyang [城阳宣王]. The inscribed text confirms previous records about the titles of Tuoba Zhong＇s grandfather and father, his official career and rank, etc. The epitaph also gives clues about Tuoba Zhong＇s years of birth and death, family background of his wife Sima Miaoyu, the re-burying of him and his wife and the exact location of his tomb, which is referred to as ＂白登阳阿＂. In addition, the shape and calligraphy of the epitaph have been discussed. Compared with several cotemporaneous epitaphs, this epitaph is particular to Pingcheng and its calligraphic style is the Beimang style, showing early Northern Wei influence and basic features of regular script of Wei tabltes. The calligraphy is an excellent example of Wei tablets.