家兔高钾血症病理模型的建立

Establishment of Hyperkalemia Model in Rabbits

目的选用高钾血症时ECG的特征性改变,探索家兔高钾血症模型制作.方法静脉滴注3%KCl,分别以ECG出现宽大畸形QRS波即刻停止输钾,ECG出现宽大畸形QRS波后调整输钾速度以维持宽大畸形QRS波30 min和ECG出现P波低平、T波高尖且QRS波增宽后调整输钾速度以维持P波低平、T波高尖且QRS波增宽30 min,3种方案复制家兔高钾血症模型,同步监测家兔心率、血压、尿量、血清钾等指标.以停止输钾30min后家兔血清钾仍保持在5.1 mol/L以上作为高钾血症模型制作成功的标准.结果维持QRS波宽大畸形30 min组和维持P波低平、T波高尖且QRS波增宽30 min组能复制稳定的高钾血症模型,而ECG出现宽大畸形QRS波即刻停止输钾组,血清钾在停止输钾30 min内恢复正常.结论维持QRS波宽大畸形30 min组和维持P波低平、T波高尖且QRS波增宽30 min组能复制稳定的高钾血症模型.

Objective According to the special changes of ECG in hyperkalemia animals, explore a method to reproduce a rabbits model for hyperkalemia. Methods Three programs were applied by intravenous drip of 3%KCl to reproduce the hyperkalemia model. In the first program,once the wide and deformed QRS complex occurred, the potassium drip should be stopped immediately. In the second program,the wide and deformed QRS complex was kept for 30 min by adjusting the speed of potassium infusion. In the third program, once low and flat P wave and peaked T wave appeared, immediately adjusted the speed of potassium infusion in order to keep for 30 min. And HR, BP, urine output and serum potassium were monitored simultaneously. Hyperkalemia is defined as serum potassium≥5.1 mol/L. The successful hyperkalemia model should keep serum potassium≥5.1 mol/L after ceasing potassium given 30 min. Results The second and third programs could reproduce a hyperkalemia model successfully. The serum potassium returned to normal within 30 min after stopping potassium given in the first program. Conclusion The method which keep low and flat P wave and peaked T wave for 30 min and keep the wide and deformed QRS complex 30 min could reproduce the hyperkalemia model successfully.