清代前期政府与京城房产市场

Early Qing Government and the Real Estate Market in Beijing

清军攻入北京后,在内城实行住房国有分配制度,在外城仍然延续着商品房市场制度。国有分配制度不断受到市场的冲击,得到住房的旗人也深深地被市场所诱惑。在房价方面,内城房价是政府定价与市场价格相辅相成,官房价格由政府主导,民间私房价格以市场来调控;外城则完全是由市场价格机制进行调节。这种双轨制最终以政府放弃国有制而崩溃。清朝二百多年来的京城房地产发展轨迹表明不论是政府控制住房分配的制度,还是完全依靠房产市场调节的机制,都不能独立解决住房不均的问题。

After the Qing army got to Beijing,the Qing government established a state-owned housing allocation system in the inner city,while continued the commercial housing market system outside the city. The market was a ceaseless shock to the state-owned allocation system,as well as deeply lure to the Bannermen possessing houses. In terms of house prices,the house price of the inner city was set by both the government and the market; the official housing price was led by the government,while the market regulated the folk private housing price. The housing price outside of the city was completely adjusted by the market price mechanism. However,the dual track system crashed due to the governments abandonment of the state ownership. The 200-year real estate development path of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty indicated that,whether the government-controlled housing allocation system,or the regulation mechanism regulated totally by the real estate market,could not independently solve the problem of uneven distribution of housing.