高考制度与大学录取率的性别差异

Institutions and Gender Difference in China's College Admission

近十年来,我国女性的大学录取率越来越高,已经超过男性。本文利用省际面板数据分析了两性大学录取率的影响因素,特别是被其他研究者忽略的高考制度变量,发现相对于考前填报的志愿填报制度而言,考后知分填报制度显著地提高了高校录取中的女性比例,这些发现可以从风险偏好的性别差异来解释。此外,高中生师比的提高和女教师比例的增加显著提高了大学录取的女性比例,而高中和大学学费上升则显著降低了大学录取的女性比例。

Female students have performed better and better in China' s college admission.The number of females admitted by colleges has exceeded the number of males since 2007.The paper uses the provincial panel data to analyze the determinants of gender difference in the college admission,particularly the college admissions institutions that are generally ignored in the literature.The authors compare with the mechanism of submitting preference before exam,females are more likely to be admitted by college under the mechanism of submitting preference after(the exam and) knowing scores.This effect includes both the direct effect(the effect on the gender gap in college admission given the sex ratio of the applicants) and the indirect effect(the effect on the gender composition of the applicants,the high-school graduates,and the enrollees).The direct effect can be explained by the gender difference in the risk attitude,and the indirect effect comes from incentive change caused by the direct effect.The authors also find that the increase in the proportion of female teachers or the ratio of students to teachers in high schools improve females' performance(relative to males),while high school and college tuition have a negative effect.These variables(other than the matching mechanism) can explain most of the changes in the gender difference in college admission.