价值哲学的研究方法检视

A Review of the Research Method of Value Philosophy

从20世纪80年代起始,学界多以人的需要、主客体关系为轴心入手研究价值哲学。这种研究方法值得检视。从马克思主义著作中能找到研究问题的方法,并获得有关人生价值观、社会价值观、道德观的内容。要厘清价值概念,最好将它分为几个层次。在物质生活领域,一般可以沿用经济学话语,用(使用)价值概念说明物有所值。在政治生活领域,自由、平等、博爱、尊严等是每个人应当享有的。而对于现代社会制度来说,民主、法治、平等、正义、权利、福利等则应是一般标准。在精神生活领域,每个人可以享受各种精神生活、从事各种精神生产和创造,以展示自我实现的需要。人的各种生活是人的生命活动的体现,是人的生存的价值展示。只有在唯物史观的指导下对人的整个社会生活进行综合研究,树立正确的人生价值观、社会价值观,这才是正道。

At the beginning of the 1980s, many scholars started to study value philosophy with human need and subject-object relationship as its axis. This research method is worth reviewing. In Marxist works, we can find a way to study problems and to get information about the views of life value, social value and morality. To clarify the concept of value, it is advisable to divide it into several levels. In the field of material life, we can generally use the terms of economics to illuminate that every object has its value with the concept of value. In the field of political life, everyone has their right to enjoy liberty, equality, universal love and dignity. Within the modern social system, democracy, rule of law, equality, justice, rights, and welfare should be considered as the general standards. In the field of spiritual life, everyone deserves to enjoy varieties of spiritual lives, and engage themselves in spiritual production and creation, so as to demonstrate their need for self-realization. The variety of human life is an embodiment of human activities in life and also a demonstration of the value of human existence. Only by making a comprehensive study the entire human social life under the guidance of historical materialism, can we establish the correct views of life value and social value.