莱州湾人工鱼礁区及附近海域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布

Species composition and distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton within and outside artificial reefs in Laizhou Bay

2010?2011年对莱州湾莱州海域和招远海域人工鱼礁区及附近海域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布进行了水平和垂直拖网调查,以期为研究人工鱼礁对产卵鱼类的诱集效果以及对鱼卵和仔稚鱼的庇护效应等提供参考资料。调查结果表明:2010年调查海域共采集鱼卵16 088粒、仔稚鱼2 487尾,隶属于7目14科19属19种,其中,鱼卵样品以鲱形目(Clupeiformes)最多,鲻形目(Mugiliformes)次之,而仔稚鱼样品以鲻形目最多,颌针鱼目(Beloniformes)次之;2011年共采集鱼卵9 948粒、仔稚鱼1 778尾,隶属于4目14科21属21种,其中,鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品均以鲈形目(Perciformes)最多,鲱形目次之。2年间莱州和招远调查海域鱼卵样品的唯一优势种均为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus);仔稚鱼样品均以油(Sphyraena pinguis)优势度最高,但两海域均不存在仔稚鱼优势种。鱼类浮游生物群落稳定性以夏季最高,春季次之,人工鱼礁区的鱼类浮游生物量多于非礁区。综合分析认为,人工鱼礁区鱼类浮游生物群落的多样性相对较高,但多为低级小型鱼种,人工鱼礁对近海生物资源养护和修复效果需进行长期的监测与评价。

In fishery research, the study of ichthyoplankton is important in evaluating the ecological restorative effect of artificial reefs. During 2010 and 2011, the species composition and distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton on two arti-ficial reefs in the Laizhou and Zhaoyuan area and in Laizhou Bay were investigated to provide reference data for re-search on the fish attraction and ichthyoplankton shelter effects of artificial reefs. Within the Laizhou （37°15′-37°18′N, 119°;49′-119°53′E） and Zhaoyuan （37°31′-37°33′N, 120°11′-120°13′E） investigation areas, six sampling stations were established inside the artificial reef areas and, as references, three and one stations were established outside the reef areas, respectively. The distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton were investigated by horizontal tows associated with vertical tows via a zooplankton net （145 cm in length, mouth diameter 50 cm, and mouth area 0.2 m2）. The horizontal tows were carried out at a speed of 2.0 nmile/h for 10 min at the sea surface, while the vertical tows were carried out from the bottom to the surface at a speed of 0.5 m/s at each sampling station. The results indicated that 16088 eggs and 2487 fish larvae, belonging to seven orders, 14 families, 19 genera and 19 species, were collected in 2010. Among fish eggs, the majority were Clupeiformes, followed by Mugiliformes. Among fish larvae, the majority were Mugiliformes samples, followed by Beloniformes. In 2011, 9 948 eggs and 1 778 fish larvae, belonging to four orders, 14 families, 21 genera and 21 species, were collected, of which the majority were Perciformes for both fish eggs and larvae, followed by Clupeiformes. The unique dominant fish egg species in both the Laizhou and Zhaoyuan investigation area was En-graulis japonicus. Sphyraena pinguis had the highest dominance but was not the dominant fish larval species in the two areas. Ichthyoplankton community stability was greater in summer, followed by spring. According to the distribution pattern of ichthyoplankton resources, the biomass of ichthyoplankton was higher inside the artificial reef areas than the outside areas. Comparative analysis showed that the biodiversity of the ichthyoplankton community within the artificial reef areas was higher than the outside areas. However, species with low trophic levels and small-sized adult fish formed the majority of ichthyoplankton within the study areas, indicating that a long-term process is involved in monitoring and evaluating the conservation and restorative effect of artificial reefs on marine biological resources.