以肠道菌群为靶点的代谢病营养干预研究进展

Research Development in Gut Microbiota-targeted Nutritional Intervention of Metabolic Diseases

肥胖及其引发的糖尿病等代谢性疾病已经成为我国国民健康的重大威胁。近年来的研究表明,不合理的饮食结构会造成肠道菌群结构失调,内毒素产生菌等有害菌增加,丁酸盐产生菌等有益菌减少,宿主的肠屏障功能下降,导致内毒素入血,诱发慢性炎症,破坏胰岛素受体和脂肪代谢机能,最终形成肥胖和后续的代谢损伤。我国学者的多项研究表明,通过科学设计的膳食干预,可以纠正菌群失调,减少毒素入血,减轻慢性炎症,显著缓解代谢综合征。以肠道菌群为靶点的疾病干预,将成为食品科学技术领域的1个重要的新方向。

Obesity and related metabolic diseases such as diabetes has become a devastating threat to the public health in China. Accumulating evidence indicates that poor diet can lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, with increased harmful bacteria such as endotoxin producers and decreased beneficial bacteria such as butyrate producers, which can damage host gut barrier function and increase endotoxin level in the bloodstream. Increased endotoxin load can lead to increased inflammation, which can inactivate insulin receptor and disrupt lipid metabolism, and eventually induce adiposity and insulin resistance. Recent Publications from Chinese researchers showed that rationally designed diet can modulate gut microbiota, reduce endotoxin load and alleviate inflammation-related metabolic deteriorations. Gut microbiota-targeted nutritional intervention will become an important area in food science and technology.