维特根斯坦的哲学语法观

Wittgenstein's Philosophical Grammar

维特根斯坦在其后期哲学著作中对"语法"有多种意义的使用,他既像传统语法学家那样对词序、动名词一致、时态等进行了论述,但他更多的是探讨意义和使用的关系。这一阶段他探讨的核心是意义和无意义、规范和非规范、语义和句法的区分。他的论述主要集中以下三个主题:语法与本质、意义与解释、规则与实践。

In his later philosophy, Wittgenstein used ＂grammar＂ in many different ways. Just as many traditional grammarians did, he had some discussions about the meanings and uses of grammar, such as word order, gerund consistency and tenses. And what he paid more attention to is the relation between meaning and use. In this period, he tried to make a distinction be- tween sense and nonsense, well-informed and ill-informed, semantic and syntactic, etc. His discussions concentrate on three topics： grammar and essence, meaning and interpretation, rules and practice.