南宋汪应辰军事思想探略

A Study on Wang Ying-chen's Military Thought in the Southern Song Dynasty

在宋金南北紧张对峙,南宋积弱的背景下,汪应辰作为一个士大夫,以强烈的忧国忧民情怀,针对当时政治军事形势和弊病,提出了自己的一些军事主张和思想。汪应辰呼吁朝野上下要有"思患预防,常若敌人之至"的忧患意识,加强军事守备;从国家战略安全角度主张高度重视长江上流地区的军事防御;主张不可盲目从海上迎击敌人,而是陆海结合,掌握时机消灭敌人。这些主张和思想反映了汪应辰深邃的军事战略眼光。同时,汪应辰加强修治军政、自治为本以御戎的军事主张,则是他"内圣而外王"儒家理学思想在军事问题上的充分体现。汪应辰的这些军事思想和主张切中时弊,在当时军事上具有重要的意义,对后人也有着一定启迪和价值。

In the context of tense confrontation between the Southern Song and the Jin Dynasty, Wang Ying-ehen, as a seholarofficial to be concerned about the fate of the nation, put forward his own military thoughts according to the political and military situation. He held that the Southern Song government should have consciousness of urgency and strengthen military garrison, pay attention to the upper reaches of the Yangzi River area defense from the national strategic security point of view, should not meet and attack the enemy blindly in the sea, but wipe out the enemy at right time with combining land force and navy. The abovementioned military claims reflect Wang Ying - chen＇s military strategic vision. At the same time, Wang Ying -chen＇ s military thoughts about strengthening military governance and resisting the enemy by self- govemment, fully embodied his Nco- Confucianism of exercising perfect self- cultivation and benevolent governance on military issues.