干旱沙漠区灌溉量对骏枣果实产量及品质影响

Effect of Irrigation Volume on Fruit Yield and Quality of Jun-jujube under Drip Irrigation in Arid Desert Area

【目的】研究干旱沙漠区灌溉量对骏枣果实产量及品质的影响。【方法】在分析沙地田间土壤水分动态及田间耗水规律的基础上,探讨不同处理灌水量对滴灌骏枣果实性状、产量及品质的影响,研究沙漠区适宜红枣生长的土壤水分下限。【结果】(1)骏枣产量与灌溉量之间关系符合Y=-277.5X2+1 114.5X+553 5,相关系数R2=0.990 6,且灌水量在553 mm左右时,骏枣的水分生产率最高,65%处理灌水量相比对照减少了20.09%,水分生产率提高了23.66%。(2)骏枣果实糖分积累始于膨大前期,积累最快的时期为果实成熟期。(3)灌水量越少枣果实可溶糖含量越高,65%处理可溶性糖含量较对照提高了5.52%,且一级果较对照提高了21.23%。【结论】在干旱沙漠区骏枣的土壤含水量应控制在田间持水量的65%左右,既能保证红枣生长发育过程中对水分的需求,又能使灌水生产率达到最大,红枣的品质最佳。

[Objective] To study the effect of irrigation volume on fruit yield and quality of jun-jujube under drip irrigation in arid desert area.[Method] Based on the analysis of water dynamics in sand field and water consumption law,the influence of different irrigation water volumes on drip irrigation jun-jujube fruit character,yield and quality was explored and the lower limit suitable for its growing was studied.[Result] Experimental results indicated：① they conformed to the relation which was Y =-277.5X2 ＋ 1 114.5X ＋ 5 535 between yield and irrigation amount of jun-jujube,and the correlation coefficient was 0.990 6,which was the highest of water product efficiency and was increased by 23.66％,water was saved by 20.09％ than the control,when irrigation volume was controlled in 553mm.②The fruit sugar accumulation began on early fruit enlargement period,the fastest accumulation time was in fruit mature period of jun-jujube.③The less irrigation volume was,the higher soluble sugar content was on fruit jujube,the soluble sugar content of 65％ treatment was increased by 5.52％ than the control,and the level of fruit was increased by 21.23％ than the control.[Conclusion]The soil moisture content should be controlled in about 65％ of the field capacity,which could not only meet water demand in the process of growth and development,but also achieve the maximum water productivity,meanwhile it keeps the best quality of fruit jun-jujube in arid desert area.