林果套种模式下不同基肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

Effects of Different Base Fertilizer on Potato's Yield and Quality under Tree-fruit Interplanting Mode

【目的】在林果套种模式下,比较使用4种不同配施基肥的马铃薯产量和主要品质指标。分析肥料作用下3种产量构成因素与单株产量的关系,为选择有效的施肥方法提供依据。【方法】以当地农家腐熟有机肥和一种炭基缓释肥为材料,试验采用单因素随机区组设计。【结果】鸡粪处理小区的产量和单薯重最高;通径分析显示,肥料的增产作用主要是通过提高单薯重来实现;各处理都能显著提高马铃薯蛋白质含量,其中鸡粪处理下蛋白质含量最高,羊粪处理下VC含量最高,各处理淀粉含量与对照差异不显著。【结论】腐熟鸡粪和腐熟羊粪与氮磷钾肥混合施用作为基肥,对马铃薯产量和品质有提升作用,能有效提高马铃薯产量、100 g以上大薯率和蛋白质含量;此外羊粪处理还能显著提升块茎VC含量;炭基缓释肥处理和羊粪处理能提高200g以上大薯率。

[Objective] The project aims to provide a basis for screening out effective fertilizing method by analyzing the relationship between 3 yield components and single plant yield and comparing the yield and quality of potato that 4 different base fertilizers were used under the tree and fruit interplanting mode.[Method]The experimental materials were farm manure and carbon-based slow-release fertilizer,and the single factor randomized block design was applied.[Result] The result showed that the plot of the treatment 1 obtained the highest yield and of the largest single tuber; By path analysis,the effect of increasing productivity by fertilizer was mainly due to improving the single potato weight; each treatment ould increase the content of protein of potato tuber significantly,and the treatment 1 had the highest amplitude to increase the content of protein.Treatment 3 was most significant to increase the content of VC,but the content of starch was not significant between each treatment and the control.[Conclusion] Under this experimental condition,the best base fertilizer coupled by application with nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizer was decayed chicken excrement and decayed sheep excrement,which could increase the yield,rate of large tuber （＞ 100g） and the content of protein.Treatment 3 could increase the content of VC significantly,while treatment 4 and 3 could increase the rate of large tuber （＞200g） significantly.