伽师瓜四倍体诱变方法研究

Studies on Methods to Induce Diploid into Tetraploid of Jianshi Melon

【目的】探索四倍体甜瓜的高效诱变及鉴定方法。【方法】以新疆伽师瓜(卡拉克塞)为材料,用0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的秋水仙素溶液,采用滴苗和浸根2种方法进行四倍体诱变,并通过染色体观察和细胞学鉴定对其进行倍性分析。【结果】滴苗法比浸根法诱变率高,其中以0.2%秋水仙素滴苗诱变率最高,为6%;与二倍体相比,四倍体植株子叶和真叶长宽比变小,茎增粗,节间变短,花冠变大,保卫细胞变大,气孔密度变小。【结论】不同处理四倍体诱变率差异明显,0.2%的秋水仙素滴苗效果最佳。,四倍体伽师瓜与二倍体相比,在生理生态特性方面变化显著。

[Objective] Explore for methods of induction and identification of tetraploidy muskmelon with efficient.[Method]Three concentrations of colchicines,0.2％,0.4％ and 0.6％,were used to treat shoot tip of seedhngs and roots of diploid jiashi melon for autotetraploid induction.Chromosome numbers of the root tip cells and cytology analysis were used to determine ploidy level.[Result] The tetraploid induction rate of shoot tipstreatment is higher than roots treatment with the highest induction rate of 6％ under the optimized colchicines treatment concentration of 0.2mg/L colchicines.Compared with diploid of jiashi melon,the induced tetraploid plants had smaller leaf index,shorter intemodes,stronger stems,bigger corolla and,lager stoma guard cells,smaller stoma densityand.We successfully obtained autotetraploid jiashi melon using colchicine. [Conclusion] There was obvious difference in induction rate of tetraploid melon with different treatments,Compared with diploid of jiashi melon were significant changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics.