玉米收割机的改进设计研究

The Improvement Design of Corn Harvester

目的研究现有玉米收割机的功能、结构、形态和作业条件,对玉米收割机进行改进设计,提高其生产效率、作业适应性和审美性。方法对目前使用的背负式玉米收割机和自走式玉米收割机进行分析和研究。在功能和结构方面,把现有不同类型玉米收割机的功能进行整合重组;在形态方面,利用仿生设计和形体切割的方法进行整体的形态塑造。结果与背负式玉米收割机相比较,改进后的玉米收割机消除了安装拆卸的问题;与自走式玉米收割机相比较,改进后的玉米收割机不仅可以收获玉米,卸掉割台即可成为运输车辆,提高了利用率;设置了两组剥皮装置和升运器,提高了收割效率;摘穗板可以横向调节距离,以适应不同地域玉米种植行距不统一的现状;改进了秸秆处理方式,既可整齐划一的还田焚烧,又方便回收青贮;玉米收割机整体形体更加符合现代人的审美需求。结论通过功能整合、结构重组和形体的塑造,既可使玉米收割机实现功能的优化,提高生产、使用率和作业适应性,又符合现代人的审美需求。

Objective It researched the function, structure, form and working condition of the existing com harvester, improved design of the com harvester, which improved the production efficiency, adaptability and aesthetic. Methods The existing knapsack com harvester and self-propelled com harvester were analyzed and studied, in terms of function and structure, integrating the function of existing com-picker in different types; in terms of morphology, using the method of bionic design and shape cutting to proceed overall body cutting. Results Compared with the knapsack com harvester, the improved com harvester eliminated the installation and disassembly issues; compared with the self-propelled com harvester, the improved com harvester not only can harvest com, but also can be a transport vehicles by removing the header, which improved the utilization rate. Setting up two groups of peeling device and elevator, which improves the harvesting efficiency; the horizontal distance of stripper plate can be adjusted to adapt to the current situation of the different maize row spacing in different regional; improving the straw processing way, not only can be incinerated, but also can be convenient recycling and silage; the whole body accords more with the aesthetic needs of modem people. Conclusion Through functional integration, restructuring and body shape, it not only can optimize the function of com harvester, which could improve productivity, utilization rate and adaptability, and also accords with the aesthetic needs of modem people.