近40年呼和浩特沙尘天气气候特征研究

Climatic factors of dust storms for latest 40a in Hohhot

利用呼和浩特地区近40年（1971~2010年）沙尘日数、气候因子等资料,采用相关分析等方法讨论了呼和浩特春季沙尘日数与气候因子、大气-海洋环流因子之间的关系。结果表明：风速、气温、降水量是影响呼和浩特春季沙尘天气的主要气候因子。风速偏大,气温偏低,降水量偏少的时期,呼和浩特春季沙尘天气偏多。北半球极涡面积扩大,强度增强,且副高面积收缩、强度减弱时,呼和浩特地区沙尘天气增多,反之,北半球极涡势力较弱,而副高势力较强时,呼和浩特地区沙尘天气减少。赤道东太平洋海温异常偏低时,呼和浩特沙尘天气增多;相反,赤道东太平洋海温异常偏高时,呼和浩特沙尘天气减少。前冬季的风速、气温对春季沙尘天气具有一定的预报意义。

The relationships between dust storm observations and climatic factors and atmospheric circulation factors in 1971 ~ 2010 were researched based on correlation analysis.The results show that mean wind speed and temperature and precipitation were the main factors.In the period with bigger wind speed,lower precipitation and higher temperature,the more sand dust weathers happened.The dust storms in Hohhot increased while the area of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex was bigger and the degree was stronger;the area of the Northern Hemisphere subtropical high was smaller and the degree was weaker.Conversely,the dust storms in Hohhot decreased while the polar vortex was weaker and the subtropical high was stronger.With the increasing of sea surface temperature anomaly in equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean the dust storms in Hohhot increased.Conversely,the dust storms in Hohhot decreased.For the rest,the average wind velocities,air temperature of the last winter had good ability for dust storms forecast.