新疆喀纳斯国家自然保护区中小型土壤动物群落特征研究

Community characteristics of soil mesofauna in Kanas Natural Reserve,Xinjiang

2011年7-9月对喀纳斯自然保护区针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林、灌木林、草甸草原、林间草地、沼泽地7种生境下中小型土壤动物类型特征、动态变化进行了实地调查。结果表明:捕获中小型土壤动物共14301只,隶属于4门13纲29目(30类),其中甲螨目、弹尾目和垫刃目为优势类群。中气门目、无气门目、蛭态目、前气门目、茅线目和双翅目幼虫为常见类群,占总数量的21.14%,其余的23类均为稀有类群,只占总捕获量的4.46%。在不同生境中小型土壤动物群落类群数之间差异显著(p<0.05),而个体数之间差异极显著(p<0.01),其中个体数水平分布表现为针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林>灌木林>林间草地>草甸草原>沼泽地,类群数顺序为阔叶林>灌木林>针阔混交林>林间草地>针叶林>草甸草原>沼泽地。在垂直分布上具有明显的表聚性特征,即0～5cm>5～10cm>10～15cm,但针叶林、阔叶林和混交林苔藓层个体数与类群数极显著高于凋落物层和土壤层(p<0.01)。个体数的季节动态变化顺序为秋季多,而夏季少,但类群数在夏季多,而秋季少。

The fauna component,ecological distribution and seasonal variation of soil meso-faunal communities in Kanas Natural Reserve,Xinjiang were investigated in July and September in 2011.The results showed that a total of 14301 individuals of soil meso-fauna were collected,belonging to 4 phyla,13 classes,and 29 orders（30 groups）,respectively.Among which the Oribatida,Collembola,and Tylenchida are the dominant groups,and they are accounted for 74.44% of the total samples,and Mesostigmata,Astigmata,Bdelloidea,Prostigmata,Dorylaimida and Diptera larvae are common groups,and they were accounted for 21.14% of the total collections,and the other 23 groups are belonged to the rare groups and they were only accounted for 4.46% of the total individuals.The results also indicated that there are significant differences among the different habitats both of the individuals（p 0.01） and group number（p 0.01） of soil meso-fauna,the sequences of horizontal distribution of the individuals of soil meso-fauna are mixed forest deciduous forest coniferous forest shrubbery glade grassland meadow steppe wetlands;the sequences of group number of soil meso-fauna are deciduous forest shrubbery mixed forest glade grassland coniferous forest meadow steppe wetlands;The vertical distribution both of the individual densities and group numbers are mainly lived in the layer of 0 ～ 5cm in the soil profile,and decrease obviously with increasing soil depth,0 ～ 5cm 5 ～ 10cm 10 ～ 15cm,but significantly higher（p 0.01） in lichen-moss layers than in litter layers in coniferous forest,mixed forest and deciduous forest.The sequences of seasonal dynamics of individual numbers of the soil meso-fauna are September July,and group numbers are July September.