矿山复垦区土壤水分时空分布对植被恢复的影响

Influence of spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of soil moisture on vegetation restoration in mine reclamation area

以阜新煤矿区矸石山和排土场为研究对象,采用变异系数和有效水分参数相结合的方法,研究土壤水分时空分布对植被恢复的影响。结果表明:受土壤物质组成及形成方式的影响,矿区3个典型样地土壤水分的变异系数和有效水分参数均存在较大差异,并直接影响地上植被的生长。现有植被根系的分布对各层土壤水分尚未达到最佳利用效果。在生态重建时,排土场覆土平台应以草本和浅根灌木相结合为主,慎栽深根植物;排土场自然风化平台应以野草自然生长为主,并兼顾不同根深乔灌木混植方式;矸石山土壤水分因多处在迟效水或无效水范围,不利于植物生长,应以节水工程措施为主,以植被措施为辅加以治理。人工覆土措施可明显改善矿山复垦区土壤水分的分布状况。

A study was made on the influence of spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture on vegetation restoration by combined variation coefficient with available water parameter for coal gangue pile and dump in Fuxin.The results show that there were obvious differences among spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture,variation coefficient and soil available water parameter by the effect of soil composition and form pattern in three typical plots,which directly affected on growth of ground vegetation.The root distribution of existing vegetation was not achieved the best effect for using soil moisture of each layer.during ecological reconstruction,herbs and shallow root shrubs should be combined to grow in dump covering platform,deep root plants should be planted with caution.Weeds give priority to grow naturally in dump natural weathering platform both the shrubs and arbor mixed planting.Water-saving engineering measures are the main emphasis of ecological management in gangue piles because soil moisture is ranged between delayed water and unavailable water,which is against the plants growth.Soil moisture distribution can be improved by artificial covering.