锦州—葫芦岛沿海地区景观格局变化与生态服务价值评估

Change of Landscape Patternand Evaluation of Ecological Services in Jinzhou-Huludao Coastal Area

基于GIS和遥感技术,提取出1990、2000和2010年锦州—葫芦岛沿海地区的景观类型图,分析其景观格局变化特征,并通过定量化得出的锦州—葫芦岛沿海地区景观类型单位面积生态价值表,计算出1990—2010年锦州—葫芦岛沿海地区不同类型景观的生态系统服务价值.结果表明:锦州—葫芦岛沿海地区景观总面积呈增长趋势;面积变化最大的景观类型是建设用地和水域,建设用地在20年里增加了272.2km2,而水域在20年里减少了159.4km2,耕地、林地、草地的面积变化量其次,呈递减趋势;景观格局的转变类型主要为:水域、耕地、海洋、草地转为建设用地,以及水域、林地转为耕地.非建设用地,特别是水域的大幅度减少,导致区域的生态系统服务总价值下降趋势明显,这将给该地区带来一系列的资源和环境问题.城市管理者需要加强用地平衡和规划布局管理,智慧地配置景观资源,景观格局优化研究将是下一步工作的重点.

Based on GIS and remote sensing technology, landscape pattern maps of Jinzhou-Huludao coastal area in 1990, 2000 and 2010 were extracted. The landscape pattern change characteristics were analyzed, and different types of landscape ecosystem services value of Jinzhou-Huludao coastal area from 1990 to 2010 were calculated according to ecological service value per area of different landscape types. The results show that total landscape area in Jinzhou-Huludao coastal area was a growth trend; areas of greatest change in landscape were construction land and waters, construction land increased 272. 2 km2 in 20 years, while the waters reduced 159. 4 km2 in 20 years. Variations of farmland, forest, grassland were smaller, showed a trend of decrease. Landscape type conversion occurred mainly were that waters, farmland, sea and grassland into construction land, and waters, forest into farmland. Non construction land, especially greatly reduced in waters, the total service value of ecosystem area decreased obviously, this would bring the resources and a series of environmental problems in the region. City managers need to strengthen the land use balance and layout management, configure the landscape resources wisely, and landscape pattern optimization research will be the focus of future work.