全球头足类资源开发现状分析及发展建议

Exploitation of cephalopod resources in the world and development suggestion

头足类是目前世界海洋渔业中重要的捕捞对象之一,柔鱼科、枪乌贼科、乌贼科和蛸科是主要种类,其年总产量呈现较为稳定的增长趋势,年最高产量达到470×104t,是自上世纪70年代以来捕捞产量年增长率最快的种类之一,因此头足类渔业的地位日益重要。为此,本文根据1950~2011年FAO生产统计数据,将世界头足类年生产数据按各渔区10年为一个年代,分别计算各个年代世界主要头足类经济科类和主要海域的平均年产量及其增长率,分析了世界主要头足类种类资源以及各个海域头足类资源的开发现状。同时,对我国头足类资源开发情况作了简要分析,并结合我国远洋鱿钓渔业发展现状,提出了相应的建议与措施。

Cephalopod is one of the most important fishing targets in the marine fishery of the world. The dominant species consist of Ommastrephidae,Loliginidae,Sepiidae and Octopodidae,and their annual is stably growing,in which the highest annual production is 4. 7 × 104t. The fishing yield of cephalopods has shown the fastest growth rate since the 1970s compared with the other fishing species,and therefore the status of cephalopod fishery has become increasingly important. In this paper,according to the production statistics from FAO fishery from 1950 to 2011,the world cephalopod production data of different fishing areas in 62 years was divided into studying groups in decades. We calculated the average production per decade and the growth rate per decade in different fishing areas for major cephalopods,and analyzed their development status. We also made a brief description of the cephalopod resources development situation in China and analyzed the status of cephalopod fishery in the world. According to the world status of cephalopod fishery resources in different fishing areas,and combined with the development status of Chinese squid fishery,some reasonable suggestions were put forward to realize scientific development of cephalopod fishery in China.