基于网络复杂性与大众化的信息科技创新

Complexity of Network and Popularity of Information Technology Innovation

科学家共同体会因科学家的声望大小而产生一种被默顿称为"马太效应"的优势累积效应,它会导致科学资源向少数人集中,这就意味着许多"天才"失去了发挥科研特长的平等机会。显然,"马太效应"不利于科技发展,然而,信息科技的社会化却为众多科技"天才"们提供了消解"权威结构"的机会。社会的信息化以计算机网络的普及为主要特征。网络需要统一的规则和相互兼容的技术标准,否则各个局域网、节点就无法链接起来,但是,网络秩序往往并非官方所能主导的,而是"自组织"形成的。在既非完全规则、又非完全随机的分布式网络拓扑空间中,信息科技的创新力量有着明显的大众化趋势,这一趋势的不断强化将会逐渐消解传统科学家共同体中的"马太效应"。

There is a cumulative advantage effect called“Matthew Effect”by Merton owing to prestige of scientists within scientist community.It will lead to science resource converging toward the minority,which signifies that many “geniu-ses”will lose equal opportunities for developing scientific research ability.Obviously,“Matthew Effect”is not good for science and technology development.However,socialization of information technology provides chances for dissolving“authority structures”for those science and technology “geniuses”.Social information is characterized by popularity of computer network.Network demands unify regulations and compatible technology standard,otherwise,each local area network and node cannot link up.Yet,network order is not always dominated by authority but self-organizing.With the computer networking in the society,in distributed network topology space characterized by neither complete rule nor ab-solute random,the power of information technology innovation reveals its obvious trend of popularity,which will gradually eliminate “Matthew effect”in the traditional community of scientists.