减速垄几何参数对车及路冲击性的影响

Effects of speed bumps cross-section parameters on impact on pavement and vehicle

为将用于低速场合的减速垄更合理地安装在干线公路上(高速场合),对现有的减速垄进行改进,重新设计横截面的形状,并较细致地分析和描述减速垄横截面几何参数与冲击力(车辆振动,对路面冲击力)之间的关系。用仿真方法,在计算机上借助多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立车辆动力学模型和减速垄模型,并对模型进行验证。通过大量的仿真试验,得到下述结论:目前街区常用的减速垄不能直接安装于公路;在公路设置减速垄时,其宽度应至少在600 mm以上,同时必须降低减速垄的高度;T形,多边形,圆顶形减速垄之间就冲击性(路面冲击力,警示力度)而言并不存在显著的差别;对于T形减速垄,通过降低坡面斜率所能起到的路面保护作用十分有限;减速垄下缘厚度只要在通常范围内,其数值对于冲击性无关紧要。

In order that speed bumps for low speed occasions can be installed on main （high speed） roads more properly, this paper makes improvement to the existing speed bumps and designs the shape of profile again. It is aimed at investigating the relationship between parameters of speed bumps profiles and impact force （vibration inside vehicles, tire force on road surface） using a simulation method. A full truck kinetics model and speed bumps model were created in computer, and simulation was implemented in ADAMS. According to a large number of simulation results, some conclusions were got： speed bumps in common use on streets can＇t be installed on road surface of highway directly without any improvement. If installed, width of bump should equal to 600 mm at least, and height of speed bump has to be lowered. For the level of impact force, there is no obvious difference among T bumps, polygon bumps and round bumps. Effect of protecting pavement by lowering gradient of ramp of T bumps is very limited.