顾及人员空间知识差异的建筑物应急疏散研究

Building evacuation analysis considering human spatial knowledge

为探究人员空间知识对建筑物疏散过程的影响,以某大学综合教学楼为例,模拟分析不同人群的疏散情况。首先设定优化、日常、会议3类疏散情景。结合不同场景中的疏散人员构成比例,划分访客、与会人员、学生和办公人员等4类具有不同空间知识程度的人群。采用FDS+Evac模型模拟分析各人群的疏散情况,结果表明:空间知识仅在走廊阶段影响人员疏散行为,疏散总时间与空间知识水平并不呈简单的反比关系,拥堵现象也并不随人员空间知识水平的提高而消失,当整体空间知识水平较高时,邻近大密度人群的出口易发生拥堵;当整体空间知识水平较低时,常用出口易发生拥堵。结合当前人群的空间知识水平,加强走廊上局部区域的疏导尤为重要。

To investi simulations of different gate the influence of human spatial knowledge in building evacuation, evacuation human crowds in a campus building were conducted and analyzed. Three evacua- tion scenarios, namely the optimal scenario, the daily scenario and the meeting scenario, were construc- ted. Considering the typical personnel composition in these scenarios, evacuees were classified into four types in terms of different spatial knowledge levels： visitors, meeting participants, students and office workers. Using the FDS ＋ Evac model, evacuation simulations were conducted in different scenarios and conclusions were drawn as follows. Firstly, the influence of spatial knowledge mainly reflects in corridor stage. Secondly, there is no obvious linear relationship between spatial knowledge level and total evacua- tion time. Thirdly, the congestion occurs even if the evacuees are equipped with a higher knowledge level. More specifically, the congested area will probably appear around the exit near the crowds when overall spatial knowledge level is high and will probably appear around the regular exit when overall spatial knowl- edge level is low. It is important to enhance the evacuation management in local areas according to the spa- tial knowledge level of the crowds.