蒙古族搏克场景中“将嘎”传授仪式的文化解读

Cultural Interpretation of the Jiangga Handover Ceremony in the Scene of Mongolian Boke

运用人类学的理论和方法对蒙古族搏克文化进行了研究。历史上搏克在蒙古族的政治、军事等领域中起到了重要作用;如今搏克在草原上的蒙古族中广泛地开展着,是人们庆典活动的主要内容。搏克的竞赛方法反映了公平竞争、珍视机遇、顽强拼搏的民族精神;搏克的服饰实用且华丽,是勇士的象征、也是搏克文化的标志符号;搏克舞步反映了蒙古族崇尚自然、崇拜英雄的民族信仰。作为象征符号的"将嘎"具有深厚的文化寓意,"将嘎"的传授仪式庄严、隆重,运用特纳的象征人类学理论对传授仪式的结构进行了解读。

The author has studied the culture of Mongolian Boke by means of anthropological theory and method. Boke have played an important role on the political, military and other areas in Mongolian history. It is now widely carried out by Mon- golia people who live in grassland, which claims the main part of Mongolian celebration. Its competition method embodies na- tional spirit of fair play, cherishing the opportunity and tenacious struggle. Its practical and gorgeous costume is not only a symbol of warriors but a sign of Boke culture. Its dance reflects Mongolian faith of the respect for nature and the worship for hero. As a symbol, Jiangga contains deeply cultural meaning, and its handover ceremony is solemn and grand. The author interprets its handover ceremony by means of symbolic anthropology theory.