开封市学龄前儿童屈光异常及其影响因素调查分析

Ametropia and associated factors among per-school children in Kaifeng city

目的 探讨开封市学龄前儿童屈光异常情况及其影响因素,为指导儿童眼保健提供依据. 方法 采取整群随机抽样方法抽取25所幼儿园7 862例3～6岁儿童进行屈光度筛查,屈光异常者进一步检查诊治;同时以问卷形式进行屈光异常影响因素调查分析. 结果 （1）屈光异常者中共散瞳验光1 733例,确诊弱视81.3％.弱视屈光类型远视、近视、混合散光分别为75.9％、5.2％、18.9％.3年变化趋势为,远视成分逐年降低,近视有所增加,尤其混合散光所占比例明显增加.（2）影响屈光异常有母亲孕期的烟酒接触史、胎龄、窒息史及出生体重、家族史、父母眼保健知识及收入状况、视电子视频产品及户外活动的时间和开夜灯睡眠. 结论 加强婚前遗传咨询,重视围产期保健,减少出生缺陷,培养孩子良好的用眼习惯,定期对学龄前儿童进行视力和屈光筛查,早期采取防治措施,对指导儿童眼保健,降低儿童眼病的发生率起重要作用.

Objective To explore the types of ametropia among per-school children and factors associated with this disorder in Kaifeng city, Hehan province. Methods Cluster random sampling was used to allocate 7 862 pre-school children aged 3-6 years in 25 kindergartens to screen dipodic ametropia and to treat the identified cases. Results Of the children with ametropia, 1 733 received madras＇ s optometry. Of these, 1 409 （81.3 % ） children were diagnosed as weak sight. Myopia and astigmatism accounted for 5.2 % and 18.9 %, respectively. Long sight tented to be decreasing, and myopia mixed stigmatism tended to be increasing with age. Factors associated with ametropia included maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking during gestation, gestational age. Asphyxiate, low birth weight, parents＇ knowledge about eye care, family incomes, electric products use, time spent on outdoor sports, and night light. Conclusion Periconceptional health care, good eye use habit, and regular eye care are important for children＇ s eye health and the prevention of eye dis- orders.