清代民国粤盐入桂及其对广西经济开发的影响

Guangdong Salt Transported into Guangxi and its Effects on Guangxi's Economic Development from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

食盐是人类生存必不可少的生活用品之一,《管子》有云:"十口之家,十口食盐;百口之家,百人食盐"。清代民国时期是广西经济发展的重要历史时期,由于广西缺乏食盐,自康熙年间开始,两广盐区建立了专商引岸制度,粤盐由广东大规模运销广西各地,到民国时期历经近三百年的发展和演变,最终实现了从官运官销到自由贸易的过渡,并有力支援了民族抗日战争。从正面的角度来说,粤盐入桂不仅从农产品商品化和各民族物资交流等方面对广西农业产生了广泛的影响,而且还对广西商业的发展和商业意识的转变起到了重要的作用,并为广西地方财政收支提供了必要的资金支持,开发着边疆少数民族地区落后的经济。但从反面的角度加以分析,由于广西所特有的自然地理环境和社会经济情况,粤盐入桂在为广西带来经济利益的同时,亦产生了私盐泛滥和不等价交换等不良现象,对广西经济的发展造成了一定的负面影响。

Salt is one of the necessaries in maintaining the survival of human daily life, an old book Guanzi said： ＂If there are ten people in one family, the ten people will eat salt; if there are one hundred people in one family, the one hundred people will eat salt＂. The periods of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are an important historical period in economic development of Guangxi. Due to the lack of salt in Guangxi, from the beginning of Emperor Kangxi Period, Guangdong area and Guangxi governments built special commercial system for salt industry Guangdong salt was massively distributed into Guangxi. After nearly three hundred years＇ development and evolution to the period of the Republic of China, free trade of salt was finally achieved from the transition of the official trade, and strongly supported the national Anti-Japanese War. From a positive perspective, Guangdong salt coming into Guangxi not only affected on the Guangxi agriculture from the aspects of commercialization of agriculture products and supplies of products among various nationalities, but also played an important role to the change of Guangxi commercial and business senses, and provided the necessary support for Guangxi local fiscal revenue, expenditure and the development of the backward minority areas. But from the reverse analysis, because of the unique natural and geographical environment and the social economy in phenomena as smuggling salt and inequitable exchang Guangxi, e, which Guangdong salt produced such adverse caused some negative effect on the development of Guangxi economy.