我国主要食品中伏马菌素污染水平分析与风险评估

Fumonisins contamination in major food products and its dietary risk assessment in China

【目的】评价我国主要食品中伏马菌素（Fumonisins）的污染状况和风险水平,为相关食品安全管理部门制定伏马菌素限量标准及其他管理政策提供科学依据和相应数据支持。【方法】对我国18个城市中大米及其制品、面粉及其制品、其他谷物及其制品、干豆类和坚果5类食品中的伏马菌素进行抽样检测,结合2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据库的食物消费数据和人口学数据,按照世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的风险评估方法原则,对我国不同性别年龄组人群对伏马菌素的摄入量进行暴露评估研究,并对其健康风险进行描述。【结果】在总计485份样本中有35份样本检出伏马菌素,伏马菌素平均含量为0.04mg/kg;我国不同性别年龄组人群对伏马菌素的总体平均摄入量为0.162~0.369μg/（kg·d）,远小于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）对伏马菌素设定的暂定每日最大耐受摄入量（PMTDI）2μg/（kg·d）。【结论】我国主要食品中伏马菌素风险较低,处于可控水平。

[Objective] This study investigated the contamination levels of fumonisins in major food products in China and estimated the dietary risk to help the government and other related agencies to make fumonisins standards and related risk management policies. [Method] A total of 485 samples in 5 food groups including rice,wheat products,other cereals products, dry beans and nuts were collected from 18 cit- ies throughout China,and the samples were analyzed using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Based on the measured fumonisins contamination levels and the food consumption data from the Chi- nese national nutrition and health survey in 2002, the dietary intake of fumonisins and corresponding health risk in different sex-age population groups were estimated. [Result] Fumonisins were detected in 35 sam- ples with a mean level of 0.04 mg/kg. Mean fumonisins intakes in various sex-age groups ranged from 0. 162 to 0. 369 μg/（kg, d）, far lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 μg/（kg d） ,which was established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Or- ganization Expert Committee on Food Additives. [Conclusion] The public health risk caused by fumonisins in food was low in China.