株龄、栽培环境及温度对甘蓝小孢子诱导出胚的影响

Influence of plant age,cultivation environment and temperature on cabbage embryo induction by isolated microspore culture

【目的】研究甘蓝小孢子供体植株的株龄、栽培环境以及环境温度对胚产量的影响,为提高甘蓝小孢子胚产量提供参考。【方法】以12个甘蓝品种为试材,从露地栽培的成株与半成株,栽培于温室与露地的同一品种成株及温室栽培采用24,28,32℃处理的甘蓝成株上采摘花蕾,分析其游离小孢子的胚产量,比较3种因素对甘蓝小孢子诱导出胚的影响。【结果】甘蓝半成株花蕾品质优于成株,其花蕾小孢子胚产量为16.8~30.3胚/蕾,高出成株9.6~18.7胚/蕾;温室栽培有利于甘蓝植株生长,其胚产量为3.27~33.84胚/蕾,比露地栽培高0.69~15.16胚/蕾;温室最高气温28℃处理有利于甘蓝小孢子诱导出胚,胚产量最高,为31.1胚/蕾。【结论】甘蓝半成株于温室28℃下生长时,其花蕾小孢子能够获得较高的胚产量。

[Objective] This study investigated the effects of plant age, cultivation environment and temperature on the embryo induction rate. [Method] 12 cabbage varieties were taken as experimental mate- rials. Buds were picked from adult and semi-adult cabbages in open field, same adult cabbages in greenhouse and open field, and adult cabbages in greenhouses with temperatures of 24,28, and 32 ℃. Their microspore embryo production was analyzed and the effects of plant age, cultivation environment and temperature were compared. [Result] The buds quality of semi-adult cabbages was better than that of adult cabbages. The embryo production rates of semi-adults were 16.8--30.3 embryo/bud,which were 9.6--18.7 embryo/bud higher than that of adult cabbages. Greenhouse cultivation benefited plant growth with the embryo produc- tion rates of 3.27--33.84 embryo/bud,which were 0. 69--15.16 embryo/bud higher than that of open cul- tivation. Greenhouse with the highest temperature of 28 ℃ was the best for embryo production with a pro- duction rate of 31.1 embryo/bud. [Conclusion] Semi-adult cabbages planted in a greenhouse with the high-est temperature of 28 ℃ had the highest embryo production.