杀青工艺对杜仲复合茶活性成分的影响

Effects of fixing technology on active components of composite Eucommia tea

【目的】研究杀青工艺对杜仲复合茶活性成分的影响,为杜仲复合茶的生产提供理论依据。【方法】比较杜仲鲜叶与茶鲜叶以不同质量比(9∶1,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7,1∶9)混合,以及在3∶7质量比下,采用不同杀青方式(锅式、蒸汽、微波)生产的杜仲复合茶中各活性成分(茶多酚、氨基酸、绿原酸、黄酮类化合物、水浸出物)含量的差异,并进一步采用微波杀青方式,以杀青功率和转速为试验因素,杀青功率设6和4kW 2个水平,杀青转速设350,300和250r/min 3个水平,两因素各水平两两组合形成6个处理,分析杀青条件对杜仲复合茶活性成分的影响。【结果】杜仲鲜叶与茶鲜叶按3∶7的质量比混合时,杜仲复合茶中各活性成分的含量较为均衡适宜;采用微波杀青的方式杜仲复合茶中各活性成分含量最高;杀青功率和转速,尤其是二者的合理搭配对杜仲复合茶中各活性成分的含量具有显著影响,在微波功率6kW、转速300r/min的杀青条件下,杜仲复合茶中茶多酚、氨基酸、绿原酸、黄酮类化合物和水浸出物含量分别为199.3,39.2,19.3,10.5和406.3mg/g,除茶多酚外,其余活性成分含量均为各处理中最高。【结论】杜仲鲜叶与茶鲜叶以3∶7质量比混合有利于杜仲复合茶活性成分的保留;采用微波杀青方式较有利于减少杜仲复合茶活性成分的损失;微波杀青条件以6kW、300r/min为最佳。

[Objective] This paper studied the effects of fixing technology on active components of com- posite Eucommia tea,aiming to improve the produce of composite Eucommia tea. [Method] Differences in the contents of active components （tea polyphenols,amino acid,chlorogenic acid,flavonoids,and water ex- tracts） in composite Eucommia tea when different mass ratios of Eucommia to tea fresh leaves （9 ： 1,7 ： 3, 5 ： 5,3 ： 7,and 1 ： 9） were chosen,and when different fixing technologies （caldron,steaming and micro- wave） were used with fixed mass ratio of 3 ： 7. In addition,different fixing powers （6 kW and 4 kW） and rotational speeds （350,300,and 250 r/min） were used to further investigate microwave fixing. [Result] The contents of active components in composite Eucommia tea were balanced and appropriate when mass ratio of Eucommia to tea fresh leaves was 3 ： 7. Microwave fixing technology had the highest active compo- nents contents. Power and rotational speed of microwave had significant effects on the contents of active components in composite Eucommia tea. With power of 6 kW and rotational speed of 300 r/min, the contents of tea polyphenols, amino acid, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids and water extracts of composite Eucommia tea were 199.3,39.2,19.3,10.5 and 406.3 mg/g respectively. These were the highest in all treatments ex- cept tea polyphenols. [Conclusion] The best ratio of Eucommia to tea fresh leaves was 3 ： 7. Microwave heating was helpful to reduce the loss of active components in composite Eucommia tea with optimal condi- tions of 6 kW power and 300 r/min rotational speed.