清代河道总督与地方督抚河务职权关系及其演变

The Evolution Of The Relationship Between The Hedaozongdu( 河道总督) And The Local Governors During The Qing Dynasty

清代为治理黄、运两河专设河道总督,但是,河道总督与两江总督以及河南、山东巡抚等地方督抚职权存在重叠,客观上形成了清代河务的复杂管理体制。清初,河道总督专理河务,地方督抚有兼管之名,而权力较小。雍正以降,地方督抚在河务中的权力增大,甚至一度凌驾于河道总督之上。嘉道时期,治河难度加大,官员动辄得咎,双方互相推责。这种职权体制的存在对清代河务产生了消极影响。

In order to harness the Yellow River and the Great Canal , the Qing Government set up the official of Hedaozongdu （河道总督） .However, the power of the Hedaozongdu （河道总督） and the power of the governor-general of Liangjiang （两江总督） , the governor of Henan （河南巡抚） , the governor of Shandong （山东巡抚） and other officials overlapped, thus forming a complex administration system on the River Conservancy .This system changed with the strategy and the situation of the River Conser-vancy, and continued to be adjusted .This brought great impact to the River Conservancy of the Qing Dynasty.