洪涝灾害遥感监测评估研究综述

Progresses on monitoring and assessment of flood disaster in remote sensing

科学有效的洪涝灾害监测和评估是防灾减灾决策的重要依据,提高洪涝灾害监测与评估的时效性和精度是加强洪涝灾害管理的迫切需求。在分析洪涝遥感监测评估原理基础上,从洪涝灾害遥感监测的数据与方法、基于遥感的洪涝灾害评估2个方面对已有研究进行分析和总结,指出了洪涝灾害遥感监测评估研究中存在的主要问题,并从增加遥感数据源、提高遥感数据质量、开发云下水体提取技术、完善地面数据库、细化灾害统计基本单元及加强洪涝损失预警等方面探讨了未来的发展方向及趋势。

Flood disaster is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world, which often brings immeasurable social economic loss. The scientific and effective monitoring and assessment of flood disaster is the key of the decision-making of disaster reduction and prevention, the timeliness and precision of monitor- ing and assessment of flood disaster is the core problem of flood disaster management. Based on summariz- ing the basic principle of monitoring and assessment of flood disaster in remote sensing, this article probed into international phylogeny of the study from four aspects： use of remote sensing data sources, the technology of multi-source remote sensing data fusion, water extraction models of monitoring, and assessment of flood disaster based on RS and GIS. Then the authors point out the difficulties, the shortages and main problems existing in the study. Finally, the article puts forward that special attention should be paid to increase remote sensing data sources, improve the quality of the remote sensing data, develop new water extraction models, improve ground data system, refine disaster statistics basic unit, and strengthen flood loss warning.