儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的危险因素及管理策略

Risk factors and management strategy of obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrom in children

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）病因复杂,并可导致心血管疾病、神经认知障碍及代谢综合征等并发症,已严重影响儿童的身心健康.儿童OSAHS应强调早期识别其危险因素,必要时行多导睡眠监测,并及时给予干预治疗.OSAHS的诊断和治疗应结合临床,不能只看多导睡眠监测报告结果.扁桃体和腺样体切除术仍是一线治疗方法,鼻用吸入激素和白三烯受体拮抗剂治疗轻度OSAHS患儿有效.

Childhood obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrom （OSAHS） has complex causes,which can lead to cardiovascular diseases,neurological complications such as cognitive impairment,and metabolic syndrome.It has affected children＇s physical and mental health.Childhood OSAHS should emphasize the early identification of the risk factors,it＇s necessary to undergo polysomnography and intervene timely.The diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS should be combined with clinical characteristics,and should not only rely on undergo polysomnography report results.Tonsil and adenoidectomy is still the first line treatment,nasal inhaled hormone and leukotriene receptor antagonist are effective for mild OSAHS children.