暴力媒体接触程度对攻击行为的影响——规范信念和移情的作用

The Impact of Violent Media on Aggression——The Role of Normative Belief and Empathy

研究引入攻击行为的规范信念和移情两个概念,使用攻击性发展稳定的大学生为被试,探讨暴力媒体对攻击行为的作用机制。采用问卷调查法,使用Anderson等人编写的暴力媒体接触程度问卷、攻击行为规范信念量表(NOBAG)、攻击问卷(AQ)和人际活动指标问卷(IRI)对来自北京、福州和成都三地的680名被试进行实地调查,了解其暴力媒体接触程度、攻击行为规范信念、攻击行为和移情能力间的关系,并在此基础上构建了暴力媒体接触程度、移情、规范信念和攻击行为的结构方程模型。研究结果表明:(1)不同性别的攻击性差异显著,男性更经常使用暴力媒体,具有更高的攻击行为规范信念,且倾向于出现攻击行为;(2)暴力媒体对攻击行为的预测作用显著,且不同媒体形式间存在差异,暴力视频游戏的作用显著强于暴力电视和暴力电影/视频;(3)规范信念可以有效预测攻击行为,在暴力媒体接触程度和攻击行为间、移情和攻击行为间起中介作用。

Given its accessibility and wide influence on youth, media violence has become a controversial topic. Abundant research has identified the influence of violent media on aggressive behavior, affirming that being deeply exposed to violent media in long term will increase aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive emotion and physical arousal, thus causing physiological desensitization. In the present study, normative beliefs and empathy are considered to explore the mechanism of how violent media impacts on aggression. Exposure to Violent Media Questionnaire, Aggression Questionnaire, Normative Beliefs about Aggression and Interpersonal Reactivity Index were administered to 680 college students from Beijing, Chengdu and Fuzhou, and 583 of whom provided valid data （280 males and 303 females）. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling results were as follows ： （ 1 ） violent media has significant impact on viewers＇ aggression and among all of the three types of media, violent video games have the greatest effect size; （2） results show that male subjects use violent media more frequently than female, score higher on normative beliefs about aggression and has more aggressive behaviors; （3） normative belief is not only a significant predictor of aggression, but also act as a mediator between exposure to violent media and aggression, and a mediator between empathy and aggression. Due to its significant effects on aggression, it is worthwhile to come up with policies aimed at changing viewers＇ normative beliefs about aggression.