粳型杂种稻米品质性状的表现及遗传控制

Performance and Genetic Control of Quality Characters of Rice Grains in Japonica Hybrids

研究了由 4个不育系及其保持系与 7个恢复系配组的 2 4个粳型杂种的 9个品质性状的遗传表现 ,结果表明 :( 1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间 ,但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有较多的超高亲组合 ,糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 ( 2 )杂种的整精米率、粒长、粒宽、垩白率、糊化温度 5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关 ;糙米率、精米率、垩白率、直链淀粉含量 4个性状与恢复系呈显著正相关 ;除糊化温度和胶稠度外的其余 7个性状均与中亲值呈显著正相关。 ( 3)杂种的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、粒长、粒宽、垩白率的遗传表达主要决定于二倍体的母体基因型 ,而直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、胶稠度的遗传表达主要由三倍体胚乳的基因型决定。 ( 4 )在栽培粳稻不同品种的细胞质之间以及不育胞质与可育胞质之间 ,并不普遍存在对品质性状的遗传效应 ,但可因性状而有所不同。

male sterile lines and their maintainers, and 7 restorers were used as parents and contracted 24 hybrids in order to investigate the inheritance of 9 quality characters in Japonica rice. The results showed: (1) In general, the performance of hybrid rice in each character was in the middle of both parents and no significant difference was found between hybrid and mid parent value. But the grain width and amylose content of hybrids tended to high parent, and the brown and milled rice percentage tended to low parent. (2) Significant correlations were found between hybrid rice and sterile line in head rice percentage, grain length, grain width, chalkiness score and ASV GT, and between hybrid rice and restorer in brown and milled rice percentage, chalkiness score and amylose content. Hybrids correlated significantly with mid parent values in all quality characters except ASV GT and gel consistency. (3) The genetic expression of brown, milled and head rice percentage, grain length, grain width and chalkiness score in hybrids was subject to the diploid maternal genotypes, and that of ASV GT, amylose content and gel consistency was mainly controlled by triploid endosperm genotyps. (4) The genetic effect of fertile cytoplasms among cultivars in japonica and that of fertile to sterile cytoplasms on quality characters of rice grains were not universal and varied with the characters more or less.