土壤学的数字化和信息化革命

DIGITALIZATION AND INFORMATION REVOLUTION IN SOIL SCIENCE

１９世纪以来的近代土壤学的发展，主要受到化学和地学的影响，而物理学和数学到本世纪中叶才开始进入，但却引发了当今土壤学的数字化和信息化革命。它表现在土壤学研究中的模式化趋势；首先出现在土壤分类和制图上的数字化趋势；应用信息技术的强大处理能力形成各种土壤专家系统的智能化趋势；３Ｓ技术和ＰＡ推动下农田土壤研究的精确化趋势以及土壤信息的网络化趋势。本文最后还就土壤学的数字化和信息化发展中的一些方法论问题作了讨论。

The development of soil science was influenced mainly by chemistry and geoscience since the 19th century. Physics and mathematics did not play the important role in soil science till the middle of the 20th century, but they have initiated the digitalization and information revolution in the field of soil science. This revolution finds expression in the tendency of modularization, In the tendency of digitalization which appeared first in soil classification and cartography, in the tendency of intelligentization, of which the strong treatment ability of information technology is used to form various soil expert systems,in the tendency of precision in the research of soil science which is promoted by 3S and PA and in the tendency of networking for soil information.In the end,the methodology in the development of digitalization and information of soil science is also discussed in this article.