浅议西方现代分权理论

Discussion of Modern Western Theory of Decentralization

古代分权制发展到现代遇到了主权论者的挑战,主权论者认为权力不可分割,即使在古代,权力也只掌握在一个阶级即贵族阶级手上。为应对主权论者的挑战,新的分权理论应运而生,它用于解释即使权力掌握在一个阶级手上,但它仍然制度性地分散到各个国家机构中去的现实,这就是现代西方的"机构分权"论。对于这一理论,洛克贡献了立法权与行政权的分立,孟德斯鸠贡献了司法权的独立,美国践行了三权分立原则。

The ancient decentralization theory has met the challenges of modern sovereignty .Sovereignty claims that power can not be divided , even in the ancient times , the power is in the hands of a class （ the noble class ） .In order to cope with the challen-ges of sovereignty , along comes a new decentralization theory , It is used to explain the reality that even power is in the hands of a class ,but it is still scattered among different governments at all levels .This is called the modern western ＆quot;institutional decentrali-zation＆quot;, Rock contributed to the separation of legislative power and the administrative power , Montesquieu contributed to judicial independence , The United States has fulfilled the principle of separation of powers .