利用玉米和鸭茅状摩擦禾诱导小麦单倍体和双单倍体的研究进展

Advances on Producing wheat Haploid and Doubled Haploid from Crosses of Wheat×Maize and Wheat×Eastern Gamagrass

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)远缘杂交诱导单倍体技术能有效提高育种效率,缩短育种年限,创造新种质和遗传群体。20多年来的研究利用趋势表明,玉米(Zea mays L.)染色体消失产生小麦单倍体是应用最广泛的方法,鸭茅状摩擦禾(Tripsacum dactyloides L.)染色体消失产生小麦单倍体也有应用的潜力,但是都未做详细的对比研究,至今尚未成为小麦育种的成熟技术手段,主要原因是在小麦单倍体胚的诱导、萌发以及染色体加倍等方面仍存在许多问题,目前还达不到稳定、高频率生产小麦单倍体和双单倍体的技术水平,导致与育种结合推广应用的速度很慢。

The technology of producing wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） haploid by wheat distant hybridization can improve breeding efficiency, shorten breeding period and create new germplasm and genetic population. Research results during last 20 years suggested that producing haploid wheat by eliminating maize （Zea mays L.） chromosome was the widely used method,and eliminating eastern gamagrass （Tripsacum dactyloides L.） chromosome was the most potential way. But there is no detailed comparative studies of the two methods. There are problems in the process of wheat haploid embryo production, ger mination and the chromosome doubling. At present the two methods are still not so popular because of its low efficiency and unstability in producing wheat haploid and doubled haploid.