早期学龄儿童的体质量水平对后期体格生长和血压变化的影响

The influence of body weight level of school-age children on later development of physcial growth and blood pressure

目的：了解学龄儿童体质量水平对后期体格生长和血压改变的影响。方法通过个人信息匹配，获得研究对象在2005、2009年的2次学校体检数据，然后按全国儿童年龄别体质量推荐值将2005年的体质量进行分组，比较不同体质量组别和不同年龄段儿童5年后身高、体质量和血压变化。结果共获得10373名6～14岁学龄儿童的2次体检数据。结果表明，2005～2009年体质量和身高增幅在低年龄段的低体质量儿童中较高；血压增幅在低年龄段与早期体质量呈负相关，在高年龄段这种相关性消失或者逆转；血压增幅还与5年间体质量的增幅呈正相关，但与身高的增幅无关。结论低体质量学龄儿童在青春期前出现明显的体质量和身高的赶上生长；学龄早期体质量低下，过多的增质量，学龄晚期体质量过高是血压升高的危险因素。

Objective To study the effects of body weight status in school-age children on later development of physcial growth , physcial growth ,and blood pressure .Methods Physical examination records of schoolchildren completed in 2005 and in 2009 in one district of Chongqing was used by information matching to identify the same person in two examinations .The body weight in former examination was grouped according to the national reference of weight by age ;the effects of this body weight level on the changes of weight ,height ,and blood pressure between two examinations were analyzed .Results There were 10 373 subjects aged from 6-14 years old were linked between two examinations .Results showed that in younger children underweight was associated with a higher increasments of weight and height .The increment of blood pressure was negatively associated with weight in younger children but this relationship disappeared or reversed in older children .The increment of blood pressure was also positively associated with the weight gain in all children ,no effects of height gain on blood pressure was founded .Conclusion Underweight usually has a catch up development of weight and hieght before puberty ,underweight in younger school age ,more weight gain and overweight in older school age mihgt be the risk factors of hypertension .