3个短枝型板栗品种性状评价

Evaluation of characteristics of three short-branch types of chestnut cultivars

为客观评价短枝型板栗资源在当前生产中的地位及其对新种质创制的意义,以‘沂蒙短枝’、‘燕山短枝’和‘超短枝1号’为试材,研究比较了3个短枝型矮化板栗资源的植物学特性、生长结果习性、坚果性状、丰产性和抗逆性等主要栽培性状。结果表明:‘超短枝1号’树体最矮,结果枝长度最短(13.2 cm)且数量最多(2.25条),但坚果最小,仅为6.9 g,外观品质较差,产量介于另2个资源之间,树势易衰,抗逆性差,受立地条件影响明显。‘沂蒙短枝’树势中庸,短枝性状介于‘超短枝1号’与‘燕山短枝’之间,耐短截,产量最高,坚果单粒质量7.3 g,较小,外观品质不佳,同时抗逆性不强,受肥水影响明显。‘燕山短枝’树势强旺,枝条粗壮,结果枝比例最高,达到75.7%,抗逆性强,坚果最大,单粒质量8.8 g,外形美观,但产量不及以上2个资源,且易产生二次果。

In order to evaluate objectively the role of short-branch type of chestnut resources in the present production and their effects on new germplasm innovation, some main cultivation characteristics of three short-branch types of dwarf chestnut resources were studied and compared, for instances, botanical characteristics, growth and bearing characteristics, nut characteristics, high-yield and resistance characteristics, using the cultivars of ＇Yimeng Duanzhi＇, ＇Yanshan Duanzhi＇ and ＇Chaoduanzhi No.l＇ as materials. The results show that in the three short-branch types of chestnut resources, ＇Chaoduanzhi No. 1＇ has the most dwarf tree body, the shortest bearing branches （13.2 cm）, and the most bearing branches （2.25 branches）. While, it has the smallest nut （6.9 g） and poorer appearance of nut. The yield of ＇Chaoduanzhi No.l＇ is lied in the middle of another two resources. In addition, the tree vigor of ＇Chaoduanzhi No.l＇ is easier to decline, and influenced evidently by site conditions, with its poor resistance. The tree vigor of ＇Yimeng Duanzhi＇ is normal, it tended to sprout bearing branch by severe cutting, and the length of its short branch is between ＇Chaoduanzhi No.l＇ and ＇Yanshan Duanzhi＇. The yield of ＇Yimeng Duanzhi＇ is the highest in the three resources, but it has the smaller nut （7.3 g） and poorer appearance of nut. The resistance of ＇Yimeng Duanzhi＇ is weaker, and affected easily by water and fertilizer conditions. Tree vigor of ＇Yanshan Duanzhi＇ is vigorous and hardy obviously, and bearing branch ratio is higher than another two resources and up to 75.7%. ＇Yimeng Duanzhi＇ has stronger resistance, and the biggest and beautiful nuts （8.8 g）. Yield of ＇Yanshan Duanzhi＇ is the lowest in the three resources, and it is easier to emerge secondary fruits.