黑果枸杞在人工栽培条件下的形态变异

Morphological variation of Lycium ruthenicum under artifi cial cultivation conditions

为给黑果枸杞的人工栽培提供理论依据,对野生状态和人工栽培条件下青海黑果枸杞的形态特征进行对比分析。结果表明,人工栽培与野生状态环境条件的差异明显造成黑果枸杞叶片、果实、枝条的形态变化。人工栽培的黑果枸杞与野生状态的黑果枸杞在纵径、横径、单果鲜质量3个指标方面均有显著差异,平均单果鲜质量比野生的增加0.12 g,是野生状态下的1.86倍,并使果实更加饱满。人工栽培的黑果枸杞叶长、叶宽、叶面积明显增大,这是生长条件良性变化导致叶的形态特征的响应与适应。人工栽培的黑果枸杞叶形指数和叶面积的增加,更有利于提高植物的光合效率。野生条件下黑果枸杞枝条短粗,刺多而密,人工栽培使枝条生长加快,棘刺减少,易于果实采收。

To provide a theoretical basis for artificial cultivation in Lycium ruthenicum, morphological characteristics in L. ruthenicum from Qinghai were contrasted and analyzed under wild and artificial cultivation conditions. The results show that leaves, fruits and branches in L. ruthenicum have obvious morphological differences under environmental conditions of artificial cultivation and wild. The L. ruthenicum under wild and artificial cultivation conditions have significant differences at the three aspects of longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and single fresh fruit mass, average single fresh fruit mass under artificial cultivation condition increases 0.12 g than that under wild condition, it is 1.86 times that that under wild condition and the fruits are more full. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area in L. ruthenicum under artificial cultivation condition are increased obviously, that is because that positive change of growth condition leads to the response and adaptation of morphological characteristics of leaves. The increase of leaf shape index and leaf area in L. ruthenicum under artificial cultivation condition is more conducive to improving efficiency of plant photosynthesis. L. ruthenicum has short thick branches and more close thorn under wild condition, while growth of branches is faster and thorns are decreased under artificial cultivation, which is good at fruit harvest.