中国婴儿死亡率和期望寿命的地区差异性研究

Regional disparities of infant mortality rate and life expectancy in China

目的:以我国(大陆地区)各省市的婴儿死亡率和期望寿命为分析指标,以收敛性模型为分析工具,分析地区差异性的收敛特征。方法 :采用σ收敛(研究对象的标准差随时间逐步变小)和β收敛(发展初始水平较低的经济体比初始水平较高的经济体有更高的增长率)模型进行分析。结果 :婴儿死亡率显示了σ收敛趋势,而期望寿命的σ收敛变化则显示了不同时间分段内收敛趋势情况不同的现象,两个指标皆呈现β收敛,表明了我国婴儿死亡率和期望寿命地区差异性逐步缩小。结论 :建议长期观测各项卫生服务指标在全国各地的开展情况,考察变化趋势,促进人群健康的地区公平性。

Objective： To analyze the convergence in health status in China's Mainland with data from 1981 to 2010. Infant mortality rate （ IMR ） and life expectancy （ LE ） were selected as health status indicators to reflect the regional disparities. Methods： The models of σ convergence and β convergence were applied. Results： IMR showed the tendency of σ convergence, while LE showed a changing tendency of β convergence during different time stages. The results of β convergence of both indicators reflected the improvement of regional disparities of population health status in China's Mainland. Conclusion： It is suggested that long-term monitoring of the health service indicators is necessary across the country to improve the regional equity of population health.