遥感与GIS支持下的盘锦湿地水禽栖息地适宜性评价

Assessment of the habitat suitability for waterfowls in the Panjin,Liaoning with GIS and remote sensing

盘锦湿地位于辽河三角洲的核心地带,是重要的水禽栖息地。受自然和人类活动的影响,该地区水禽栖息的生境面积不断缩小,致使湿地生态系统受到严重破坏,生物种群数量急剧下降。在此背景下,以GIS/RS为技术手段,根据盘锦湿地环境特点,采用层次分析法,从干扰条件、水源状况、遮蔽物以及食物丰富度4个方面对盘锦湿地水禽栖息地适宜性进行空间分析,再按照不同指标因子的等级划分,得到适宜性最好、适宜性良好、适宜性一般以及适宜性最差4个等级的盘锦湿地水禽栖息地适宜性评价图。结果表明:(1)盘锦湿地水禽栖息地适宜性最好、适宜性良好、适宜性一般、适宜性差的面积分别为803.79,913.47,905.29,1023.65hm2,分别占总面积的22.04%,25.05%,24.83%,28.07%;(2)前三类总面积为2622.55 hm2,占71.93%,说明盘锦地区水禽栖息的适宜地区较多,主要分布于流域、河漫滩等人为干扰较少的芦苇湿地以及食物和水源比较充足的大面积耕地中;(3)基于遥感分析和GIS空间分析技术,能有效、简便地对湿地生态环境处于快速动态变化中的水禽栖息地适宜性进行快速、客观准确的评价分析,其结果能为盘锦湿地水禽种群及其生存环境的规划、保护、管理和决策提供数据支持和科学依据。

Panjin is home to an important waterfowl habitat located in the core of Liaohe Delta. Because of natural and human activities, however, the waterfowl habitat in the area is deteriorating, and the wetland ecological system is degenerating. Biological populations are also declining. In this context, we analyzed and assessed the condition of the waterfowl habitat in Panjin. Analytic hierarchy process, combined with the spatial analysis function of geographical information systems （GIS） as well as remote sensing （RS） image data, was used. Key factors that directly affected foraging and resting of waterfowls were identified, including degree of disturbance （density of roads and residence areas）, water situation （density of lakes and rivers）, food abundance, and shelter conditions （land cover and slope）. Four levels of habitat suitability for waterfowls were determined in spatial scale： best, good, average, and bad. Results showed that （1） the areas of waterfowl habitat classified as best, good, average, and bad are 803.79,913.47,905.29,1023.65ha, which represent 22.04%,25.05%,24.83%, and 28.07% of the total area, respectively. （2） The former three types covered about 2622.55 ha or 71.93% of the total area. This finding indicates that abundant land suitable for waterfowl habitat can be found in Panjin. This land mainly comprises wetland and is a largely cultivated land with less human disturbance. （3） This study also demonstrated the use of RS and GIS to evaluate objectively and efficiently the suitability of a waterfowl habitat within a rapidly changing environment. The results of this study can provide valuable insights into environmental planning, conservation, and management of the waterfowl habitat in the Panjin area.