结核病患者相关知识、态度和行为调查

Survey on TB-related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among patients with tuberculosis

目的了解深圳市罗湖区结核病患者的健康教育知识、行为和态度的掌握情况,探讨结核病防治的工作重点和对策。方法采用随机抽样的方法,选取深圳市罗湖区患者200名,进行结核病防治知识、行为和态度的问卷调查,并进行了统计学分析。结果患者的肺结核的健康知识知晓率和行为正确率均为67.8%;城镇户口患者健康防治知识知晓率高于农村;知晓率随文化程度的提高而升高。患者对享受减免政策了解最多,对检查和治疗结核病的专业机构和哪里享受国家政策了解最低,患者接受和最喜欢结核病知识宣传形式主要是:广播、电视、墙体广告、宣传栏、标语。首次出现可疑症状到第一次就诊时间及第一次就诊到确诊为肺结核的间隔时间在3周以内占半数之上。结论罗湖区患者的肺结核的健康知识知晓率和行为正确率和国家政策了解的不够全面,开展结核病健康教育要有针对性,要因地制宜,重点对象为农村和文化程度低人群,大众传播为防治宣传的主要途径,提高基层医疗机构结核病诊断水平,早期发现病人,减少诊治时间是防治结核病的重要措施。

Objective To investigate TB-related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among tuberculosis patients in Luohu District,Shenzhen City,and to explore the emphasis and countermeasures of TB prevention and control.Methods A questionnaire survey on TB-related knowledge,attitudes and behaviors was conducted among 200 TB patients selected at random in Luohu District,Shenzhen City.And the survey data were analyzed statistically.Results The awareness rate of TB-related knowledge and the correct behavior rate in TB patients were both 67.8 %.The awareness rate of TB-related knowledge in urban patients was higher than that in rural ones.And the higher educational level,the higher awareness rate.Most patients knew the preferential policy,but few knew the medical institutions specialized in tuberculosis detection and treatment and the institutions where they could enjoy the national TB-related policies.The favorite forms of acquiring TB-related knowledge among the patients were mainly broadcast,TV,wall-ads,billboards,and slogans.The duration between firstly appearing suspicious symptoms and seeing a doctor for the first time and the time interval between the first visit to a doctor and diagnosing the illness as pulmonary TB which were both less than 3 weeks were found in more than half of the patients.Conclusions The patients＇ awareness of TB-related knowledge,behaviors and policies is not comprehensive enough.TB-related health education should be conducted targetedly,especially focusing on rural and low-literacy populations.Mass communication is the main way of prevention advocacy.Improving TB diagnostic services in primary medical care institutions,early detecting the patients,and reducing diagnosis and treatment time are important measures to prevent and control tuberculosis.