广州市春季小学教学环境细颗粒物对学生呼吸系统影响的研究

Impact of PM_(2.5) in teaching environment during spring on pupils' respiratory health in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市春季小学教学环境PM2.5质量浓度对学生呼吸系统的影响。方法监测春季小学教学环境PM2.5质量浓度,通过学生同期症状监测网和学生体检获得学生的肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1、MMEF)和症状指标(咳嗽、咽痛、鼻炎)等健康指标,从而分析各健康指标与小学教学环境PM2.5质量浓度的关系。结果春季小学教学环境PM2.5平均质量浓度越秀区最高,南沙区最低;而反映学生肺功能的指标(FVC、FEV1、MMEF)则以越秀区低,南沙区最高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PM2.5质量浓度与学生肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1、MMEF)呈显著的负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.839(P<0.05)、-0.828(P<0.05)、-0.847(P<0.05);三个区学生咳嗽、咽痛发生率越秀区最高,南沙区最低,PM2.5质量浓度与咳嗽、咽痛的发生率分别呈显著的正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.975(P<0.05)、0.999(P<0.05);三个区学生鼻炎的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论教学环境PM2.5质量浓度对小学生呼吸系统功能有影响,与学生肺功能指标FVC、FEV1、MMEF呈显著负相关,与学生晨检指标咳嗽、咽痛的发生率呈显著正相关关系。

Objective To investigate the influence of mass concentration of PM2.5 in springtime on pupils＇ respiratory system in primary schools in Guangzhou City.Methods The mass concentration of PM2.5 in teaching environment of primary schools in spring was detected.The pupils＇ lung function indexes （FVC,FEV1 and MMEF） and symptom indexes （cough,sore throat,and rhinitis） were obtained by the student symptom-monitoring network and physical examinations during the same period.The relationships between the health indexes and the mass concentration of PM2.5 were analyzed.Results The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in teaching environment of primary schools in spring was the highest in Yuexiu District,but it was the lowest in Nansha District.The pupils＇ lung function indexes （FVC,FEV1,MMEF） were the lowest in Yuexiu District,but they were the highest in Nansha District,and the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）.There were significant negative correlations between the mass concentration of PM2.5 and the pupils＇ lung function indexes （FVC,FEV1 and MMEF）,with the correlation coefficients of-0.839 （P 〈 0.05）,-0.828 （P 〈 0.05）,and-0.847 （P 〈 0.05）,respectivdy.The incidence of cough and sore throat was the highest in Yuexiu District,but it was the lowest in Nansha District.There were significant positive correlations between the mass concentration of PM2.5 and the incidences of cough and sore throat,with the correlation coefficients of 0.975 （P〈0.05） and 0.999 （P〈0.05）,respectively.No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of rhinitis among the pupils in Yuexiu District,Nansha District and Huangpu District.Conclusions The mass concentration of PM2.5 in the teaching environment affects the pupils＇ respiratory system function.It is negatively correlated with FVC,FEV1,and MMEF,but positively correlated with the incidences of cough and sore throat.