护士心理资本前因变量的研究

Antecedents of psychological capital among nurses

目的探讨护士心理资本的前因变量,提高其心理资本及生命质量。方法于2011年10-11月,采用横断面调查方法,随机抽取辽宁省有代表性的三个大、中、小城市的6所医院工作6个月以上1 188名女性护士为对象进行自填式问卷调查。应用付出-回报失衡问卷(ERIQ)、工作倦怠问卷(MBI)、组织支持感问卷(POSQ)、明尼苏达满意度量表(MSQ)及心理资本问卷(PCQ)分别测量护士的职业紧张、工作倦怠、组织支持感、工作满意度及心理资本(PsyCap),应用多元线性回归分析护士心理资本的前因变量。结果问卷调查有效回收率为83.2%。单因素分析结果显示,护士≥40岁和护士长的心理资本水平高于其他组(P<0.05)。按照多元线性回归分析标准化系数的顺序,影响护士心理资本的因素为:个人成就感(β=0.200)、工作满意度(β=0.173)、组织支持感(β=0.138)、护患关系(β=-0.105)和外在付出(β=0.090)。结论职业紧张、工作倦怠、组织支持感和工作满意度对护士心理资本有显著影响。

Objective To explore the antecedents of psychological capital in female nurses so as to improve their psychological capital and life quality.Methods With cross-sectional study method,the self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 1,188 nurses who worked more than 6 months and were randomly selected from six hospitals of three cities in Liaoning Province from October to November 2011.Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire （ERIQ）,Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey （MBI-GS）,Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire （POSQ）,Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire （MSQ） and Psychological Capital Questionnaire （PCQ） were used to measure occupational stress,job burnout,perceived organizational support,job satisfaction and psychological capital,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the antecedents of psychological capital.Results The effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 83.2 %.Univariate analysis showed that the levels of psychological capital in nurses aged ≥40 years and head nurses were higher than those in other groups （P〈 0.05）.Based on the sequence of standardized coefficients from multiple linear regression analysis,the factors influencing nurses＇ psychological capital were as follows：personal accomplishment （β =0.200）,job satisfaction （β =0.173）,perceived organizational support （β=0.138）,nurse-patient rdationship （β=-0.105） and extrinsic effort （β =0.090）.Conclusions Occupational stress,job burnout,perceived organizational support and job satisfaction have significant impacts on nurses＇ psychological capital.