清远市2008-2012年水痘流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Qingyuan City in 2008-2012

目的 了解清远市2008 2012年水痘流行病学特征,探讨预防控制策略. 方法 收集清远市水痘报告和监测病例信息并进行统计分析. 结果 2008-2012年清远市共报告2 763例水痘病例,年发病率10.92/10万～21.17/10万,年均发病率15.41/10万,发病率总体上呈波浪型进展;全市所有县（市、区）均有病例发生,发病率未显示区域偏向性;11、12和1月份三个月发生的病例占全年病例的42.96％;10岁以下儿童为主,占70.21％,男性发病率高于女性（x2=145.65,P＜0.001）;5年共发生8起聚集性疫情,均发生在小学. 结论 清远市2008-2012年水痘发病总体上呈上升趋势,加强适龄人群的水痘疫苗接种和合适的水痘疫苗免疫策略是预防控制水痘发病的重要措施.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of varicella in Qingyuan City during 2008-2012,and to explore the control and prevention strategies.Method We conducted statistical analysis on varicella case reports and surveillance data in Qingyuan City.Results A total of 2,763 varicella cases were reported in Qingyuan City from 2008 to 2012,and the incidence rates ranged from 10.92/100,000 to 21.17/100,000.The annual average incidence rate was 15.41/100,000,showing a wavy trend in general.The cases were distributed in 8 counties of Qingyuan City,and the incidence rates did not show the regional bias.The cases occurred mainly in November,December and January each year,accounting for 42.96% of the total cases.Most cases were children under 10 years of age,accounting for 70.21%.The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females （x2 =145.65,P 〈 0.001）.A total of 8 clustering outbreaks were reported during the five years,and all of them occurred in primary schools.Conclusions The incidence rates of varicella in Qingyuan City during 2008-2012 showed an increasing tendency as a whole.Enhancing the implementation of varicella vaccination program for school-age population and developing proper varicella immunization strategies are the important measures for prevention and control of varicella.