广东农业外来有害生物水葫芦入侵的历史阶段与特点

On the Historical Stages and Characteristics of Invasion of Exotic Water Hyacinth to Guangdong Agriculture

水葫芦是在20世纪初期引进我国,于50年代作为畜禽青饲料而在全国各地广泛推广,广东地区最迟在50年代就已经有出现。水葫芦的大规模生长,会阻塞主要航道、破坏水生生态系统,威胁本地生物的多样性,对我国的经济、社会等造成巨大的损失。另一方面,水葫芦又是一种具有多功能的水生植物,可作为畜禽的青饲料、水田的绿肥、生产沼气的主要原料、作为食用菌的培养材料、编织产品的主要原料、作为人类的食用蔬菜,又可制作成为有机肥料、护肤产品、饮料,同时还具有较强的污水处理功能。

Water hyacinth was introduced into China at the beginning of 20th century and used as livestock forage widely in the country in 1950s, appearing in Guangdong no later than 1950s. On the one hand, the massive growth of water hyacinth will block the main water- ways, damage the aquatic ecosystem and threaten the local biodiversity, causing huge lossesto our country＇ s economic and social progress; on the other hand, water hyacinth is a ver- satile aquatic plant which not only can be used as livestock forage, green manure for paddy, main raw material to produce biogas, cultivate mushroom and used for weaving products, ed- ible vegetables for human beings, but also can be made into organic fertilizer, skin care prod- ucts, beverages, and also has a strong sewage processing functions.