内战后美国南部种植园经济的变化与性质问题

On the Change and Nature of Post-bellum Southern Plantation Economy

内战后美国南部种植园演变为一个包括雇佣工资制、分成制、分成租佃制以及现金租佃制在内的混合经营生产单位。由于内战后南部种植园内部的各种生产方式中并不存在自由雇佣的劳动关系,而是一种经济上的人身依附与控制关系和法律上的强制劳役关系的结合,因此,它的性质并不是真正的资本主义农业;但是,另一方面,由于内战后的种植园经济仍然是世界市场的重要组成部分,种植园主继续通过世界市场追求交换价值,这又使得它成为一种形式上的资本主义经济。

The post-bellum southern plantation was a kind of production unit with contract mix, such as the hire-wage, sharecropping, share-tenancy, cash tenancy and so on. Because it was not the true relationship of free employment between the planters and black labors in these production modes but the complex combination of economically dependent and domina- ted relationship and legally involuntary servitude, the post-bellum plantation economy was not the real capitalism; however it was still one of the important contents of world market and the planters still attained the exchange value through the cotton production for the world market in the plantation, so it was only a kind of formal capitalism in Marxism term.