试论晚清农业的改良与农学的传播

Improvement of Agriculture and Spread of Agronomy in Late Qing Dynasty

传统社会以农立国,农业攸关正供,维持着国家机器的正常运转。但是,中外通商的近世变局改变了中国传统的政治、经济格局,使传统农业面临着巨大的危机和挑战。为了因应变局,晚清朝野上下做出了一系列的举措,对传统农业进行改良,并在西方的影响下,开始了近代农学的传播。而承担这一任务的载体,即是晚清所设立的商部、农工商部以及各省所设立的商务局。

Chinese traditional society was founded on agriculture which is one of the most im- portant parts related to the destiny of a country, it keeps the country running at a normal speed. The pre-modern foreign trade, however, had changed Chinese traditional political and economy state and made Chinese traditional agriculture facing giant crisis and challen- ges. In response to this situation, government of late Qing Dynasty took actions to improve traditional agriculture and started to spread modern agronomy under the influence of Western technology. The carriers, to undertake this task,, were the Commercial Department, Min- istry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce founded in late Qing Dynasty, and Bureau of Commerce was set up by each province.