从代课教师到“新代课”教师:对于农村教师问题的回顾与思考

From Substitute Teacher to “New Substitute” Teacher: the Study and Reflection on Teachers in Rural Areas

推动城乡教育均衡发展,关键在于提高农村学校教师的素质。在我国独特的国情下,农村学校始终处于师资队伍建设的薄弱环节,成为制约农村教育质量的重要因素。在系统地梳理与回顾我国农村民办教师和代课教师问题的基础上,描述了当前"特岗计划"的缘起与现状以及当前的"新代课"教师问题,分析了问题的根源并提出解决问题的基本思路,旨在反思当前的一系列农村教师政策,为相关政策的制定提供参考。

The key of driving the balanced development of urban and rural education lies in rural education, whose key lies in teachers in rural areas. Under the characteristic conditions of our country, rural teachers have always been in an extremely weak situation. This dissertation systematically sorts out the history and causes of citizen-managed teachers and substitute teachers in our rural areas. The origin and current situation of the existing “special post plans”, along with the current “new substitute” teacher issue are described on the basis of materials collected from surveys and researches. Finally, the source and solutions to these issues are put forward, hoping to reflect on a series of established policies regarding rural teachers and put forward scientific policy proposals.