穷人教育学:裴斯泰洛齐乡村教育思想诠释

Pedagogy for the Poor: an Analysis of Pestalozzi's Rural Education Thoughts

瑞士民主主义教育家裴斯泰洛齐毕生致力于乡村穷人的教育事业,为实现通过教育改善乡村贫民生活状况和社会地位之目的,构建起独特的"穷人教育学"体系:在确立基于乡村和服务乡村的乡村教育实施空间的基础上,将依据自然和遵循自然确定为乡村教育的基本原则;通过爱心和信仰的教育,培育乡村民众的自信和尊严;通过"要素教育"简化教学方法,改革教学内容,提高乡村教育的实效性与针对性;通过劳动教育,提升乡村民众的劳动与就业技能,养成热爱劳动的品质。裴斯泰洛齐"乡村教育思想"对城市化与工业化加速发展背景下的当代中国乡村教育发展具有多方面的启示意义。

Pestalozzi, a Swiss democratic educator, devoted his whole life to the education cause of the poor in the countryside. He established the special “pedagogy for the poor” system in order to improve the living conditions and social status of the rural poor through education. On the basis of the implementation spheres of taking root in the country and serving the country of rural education, this system defines the basic principle that rural education should be based on na- ture and adhere to nature. It aims at cultivating the confidence and dignity of rural people through the education of love and belief, simplifying the teaching method and reforming teaching materials and enhancing the practicality of rural educa- tion through ＂essentials education＂, increasing the labor and employment skill of the country people and making them have the quality of loving labor through labor education. Pestalozzi＇s ＂Pedagogy for the Poor＂ is a great inspiration to the rural education of contemporary China against a background of the dramatic development of urbanization and industrialization.