“够了”的词汇化及话语标记功能研究

Lexicalization and Discourse Marking Function of “Goule”

"够了"从松散结构到连用现象,最后演变为语气词,经历了词汇化过程。在词汇化过程中,"够了"语义在认知隐喻的作用下发生了明显的泛化和虚化;"够了"位置后移,可以充当谓语和补语,语法功能虚化;处于句末的"够了"具有新信息特征,在语言经济原则的作用下,可以独立使用,使用频率上升。经历词汇化后,"够了"作为语气词,是典型的话语标记,照应话语交际中前面一方已陈述的话题,同时表明说话人自己对前面话题持一种不耐烦或厌恶的否定态度。

In the process of lexicalization,the Chinese term,'goule',experiences a semantic generalization due to the cognitive ability. With its position shifted backward,'goule'can function not only as a predicate but also as a complement,and the latter one implies the weakening tendency of its grammatical function. At the end of a sentence,'goule'is regarded as new information and can be used independently with a higher frequency because of ellipsis and the principle of linguistic economy. After lexicalization,'goule'in modern Chinese is a typical retrospective discourse marker. 'Goule'is to negate the topic mentioned by the previous speaker by showing the current speaker's strong impatience or dislike.